Mechanical behaviours

The castem and castem21 interfaces have been developed for the CEA Cast3M finite element solver using the UMAT subroutine which is meant to be overridden by the user, loosely following the Abaqus standard.

The castem interface shall be used for versions prior to Version 21 and the castem21 interface shall be used for versions greater than 21.

For historical reasons, the castem interface also has an alias named umat.

Warning

For technical reasons, the interfaces castem and castem21 can’t be used in the same directory.

A French version of this document is available here.

This document has been written using Cast3M greater than 2014. We will assume working in a standard POSIX environment. The shell used is bash.

We will use the Norton behaviour described in the tutorial. All the files used can be downloaded here.

We broke this documents in three parts:

Compilation of the behaviour

The following instruction will compile the MFront behaviour using the castem interface :

$ mfront --obuild --interface=castem norton.mfront

This is equivalent to:

$ mfront --obuild --interface=umat norton.mfront

The umat interface is deprecated as it may be confusing for Abaqus users.

Three directories are created, respectively called include, src, castem. Only the src and castem directories have interest for the end-user:

Usage in Cast3M

A patch must be applied to Cast3M 2014 to be able to call shared libraries directly. This patch is not mandatory for version greater than 2015.

The MODELISER operator can be called as follows:

mod1 = 'MODELISER' s1 'MECANIQUE' 'ELASTIQUE' 'ISOTROPE'
   'NON_LINEAIRE' 'UTILISATEUR'
   'LIB_LOI' 'src/libUmatBehaviour.so'
   'FCT_LOI' 'umatnorton'
   'C_MATERIAU' coel2D
   'C_VARINTER' stav2D
   'PARA_LOI'   para2D
   'CONS' M;

Here, we have explicitly given the path to the library. In practice, it is better to modify the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.

Test

To test our behaviour, we can use the following input file (Cast3M 2019):

'OPTION' 'ERREUR' 'FATALE' ;
'OPTION' 'DIME' 2 'ELEM' qua4;
'OPTION' 'MODELISER' 'AXISYMETRIE';

TMAX = 1.;
NPAS = 50;
UMAX = 3.5e-2;

O = 0. 0.;
A = 1. 0.;

l1 = 'DROIT' 1 O A;
l2 = l1 'PLUS' (0. 1.);

s1 = l1 'REGLER' 1 l2;

coel2D = 'MOTS' 'YOUN' 'NU' 'RHO' 'ALPH' 'A' 'E';
stav2D = 'MOTS' 'EERR' 'EEZZ' 'EETT' 'EERZ'  'P';
para2D = 'MOTS' 'T';

mod1 = 'MODELISER' s1 'MECANIQUE' 'ELASTIQUE' 'ISOTROPE'
   'NON_LINEAIRE' 'UTILISATEUR'
   'LIB_LOI' 'src/libUmatBehaviour.so'
   'FCT_LOI' 'umatnorton'
   'C_MATERIAU' coel2D
   'C_VARINTER' stav2D
   'PARA_LOI'   para2D
   'CONS' M;
   
MAT1 = 'MATERIAU' MOD1 'YOUN' 80e9 'NU' 0.35 'ALPH' 0. 'RHO' 0.
   'A' (0.003944e-6 '**' 4.39) 'E' 4.39;

***
LIT1 = PROG 0. PAS (TMAX/ NPAS)  TMAX;

*** CONDITIONS AUX LIMITES
************************************************
* Conditions aux limites éprouvette
CL1 = 'BLOQUE' 'UZ'  L1 ;
CL2 = 'BLOQUE' 'UZ'  L2 ;
CLE1 = CL1 ET CL2;

* Chargement mécanique et thermique
LI1 = PROG 0. TMAX ;
LI2 = PROG 0. 1. ;
EV = EVOL MANU T LI1 F(T) LI2 ;
DEP1 = DEPI CL2 UMAX;
CHA1 = CHAR 'DIMP' DEP1 EV ;

* Champ de température
TEK = 293.15;
THE1 = MANU 'CHPO' S1 1 'T' TEK ;
EV2 = EVOL MANU (prog 0. TMAX) (prog 1. 1.) ;
CHARTHER = CHAR 'T' THE1 EV2 ;
                             
** CALCUL
* Définition des pas de calcul et de sauvegarde
************************************************************
* Définition de la table de la phase de charge
TAB1 = TABLE ;
*TAB1.'K_SIGMA' =  FAUX;
TAB1.'MOVA' = 'MOT' 'RIEN' ;
TAB1.'TEMPERATURES' = TABLE ;
TAB1.'VARIABLES_INTERNES' = TABLE ;
TAB1.'BLOCAGES_MECANIQUES' = CLE1 ;
TAB1.'MODELE' = MOD1 ;
TAB1.'CHARGEMENT' = CHA1 'ET' CHARTHER ;
TAB1.'TEMPERATURES' . 0 = THE1 ;
TAB1.'CARACTERISTIQUES' = MAT1 ;        
TAB1.'TEMPS_CALCULES' = LIT1 ;
TAB1.'TEMPS_SAUVES' = LIT1 ;
TAB1.VARIABLES_INTERNES.0 = (ZERO MOD1 'VARINTER');
TAB1.'PRECISION' = 1.e-8;

* Lancement du calcul de la phase de charge 
PASAPAS TAB1 ;

'REPETER' i ('DIME' tab1.'CONTRAINTES');
   idx = &i '-' 1;
   s = tab1.'CONTRAINTES' . idx;
   d = tab1.'DEPLACEMENTS'. idx;
   v = tab1.'VARIABLES_INTERNES'. idx;
   'MESSAGE' ('MAXIMUM' ('EXCO' d 'UZ')) ' '
             ('MINIMUM' ('EXCO' d 'UR')) ' '
             ('MAXIMUM' ('EXCO' s 'SMZZ')) ' '
             ('MAXIMUM' ('EXCO' v 'P'));
'FIN' i;

nb = ('DIME' tab1.'CONTRAINTES') '-' 1;
psig = 'PROG';
peto = 'PROG';
'REPETER' i nb;
   s = tab1.'CONTRAINTES' . &i;
   d = tab1.'DEPLACEMENTS'. &i;
   psig = psig 'ET' ('PROG' ('MAXIMUM' ('EXCO' s 'SMZZ')));
   peto = peto 'ET' ('PROG' ('MAXIMUM' ('EXCO' d 'UZ')));
'FIN' i;


EVSIG = 'EVOL' 'ROUG' 'MANU' 'EZZ' peto 'SMZZ' psig;
'LISTE' evsig;
'DESSIN' evsig;

'FIN';

The results given by Cast3M can be compared to an equivalent MTest computation on the following figure:

Comparaison of the results MTest/Cast3M

Keywords specific to the Cast3M interface

The following keywords are specific to the Cast3M interface:

Material proprerties

Thermal conductivity of \(UPuC\)

The thermal conductivity of \(UPuC\) \(k\left(T,p,\tau\right)\) depends on the temperature \(T\) (Kelvin), the porosity \(p\) and the Burn-Up \(\tau\) \(at.\%\)

Here is the implementation of this material property using MFront:

@Parser MaterialLaw;
@Law ThermalConductivity;
@Material UPuC;
@Author Thomas Helfer;
@Output k; //< changing the name of output
@Input T,p,Bu; //< inputs of the law
T.setGlossaryName("Temperature"); //< pleiades name
p.setGlossaryName("Porosity"); //< pleiades name
Bu.setGlossaryName("BurnUp (at.%)"); //< pleiades name
@PhysicalBounds T in [0 :*[; //< temperature physical bounds
@Bounds T in [0 :2573.15]; //< temperature bounds
@PhysicalBounds p in [0 :1]; //< porosity physical bounds
@PhysicalBounds Bu in [0 :*[; //< burn-up physicalbounds
@Function{
  if (T<=773.15){
    k = (8.14e-6*T-0.010096882)*T+19.65063040915;
  } else {
    k = (-1.88e-6*T+0.009737044)*T+10.2405949657;
  }
  k *= (1.-p)/(1.+2.*p);
  k *= 1.-(0.02*Bu);
}

This implementation can be turned in a shared library callable from Cast3M:

$ mfront --obuild --interface=castem UPuCThermalConductivity.mfront

Usage in Cast3M

A patch must be applied to be able to call shared libraries directly from the MATERIAU operator:

-|Cast3M 2014](downloads/patchs-Cast3M-2014.tar.bz2) -|Cast3M 2015](downloads/patchs-Cast3M-2015.tar.bz2)

The MATERIAU can accept a table as parameter.

* Création d un modèle thermique isotrope
ModT1 = 'MODELISER' s1 'THERMIQUE' 'ISOTROPE';
* Création d une table contenant les données relatives
* à la propriété externe :
* - 'MODELE' contient le nom de la fonction appelée
* - 'LIBRAIRIE' contient le nom de la librairie externe
* dans laquelle cette fonction est définie
* - 'VARIABLES' contient la liste des paramètres dont dépend
* la fonction appelée
Tmat = 'TABLE';
Tmat. 'MODELE' = 'UPuC_ThermalConductivity';
Tmat. 'LIBRAIRIE' = 'libUPuCMaterialProperties.so';
Tmat. 'VARIABLES' = 'MOTS' 'T' 'PORO' 'FIMA';
* Création du matériau.
MatT1 = 'MATERIAU' ModT1 'K' Tmat;

When using PASAPAS, loadings named PORO and FIMA must be declared for the material properties to be evaluated.